Understanding the Kit and Basics

• Role in a Squad/Team/Platoon:
  • Provide precision fire support to engage targets beyond the effective range of standard rifles.
  • Assist in suppressing enemy positions with accurate, long-range fire.
  • Identify and report enemy movements or high-value targets.
  • Avoid unnecessary exposure to maintain the element of surprise and operational stealth.

1. Primary Weapon:
   • M112 Rifle equipped with modular scopes (thermal, NVG-compatible, and standard scopes).
2. Secondary Weapon:
   • Sidearm for close-quarters engagement or emergencies.
3. Equipment:
   • Rangefinder: For accurate distance measurement.
   • Range Binoculars: Includes distance calculation tools for manual ranging.
   • Smoke Grenades: Use for concealment during repositioning.
4. Lasers and Laser Communication:
   • Use lasers to silently mark targets for teammates or call out enemy locations.
   • Understand that laser beams can give away your position to enemies with NVGs; use sparingly.

• Ranging - Weapon Performance

1. Using a Rangefinder or Rang Bino:
   • Aim at the target to get an instant distance measurement.
2. Using Binoculars Manually:
   • Utilize binocular crosshairs for manual distance calculation.
   • Input visible measurements into the range formula:
     • Formula: (W/H in meters) x 1000 ÷ Mildots
     • Use 1.7m (standing soldier height) or vehicle widths (4.5m–7.5m) as references.
3. Examples:
   • Target is 4 mildots high, height of 1.7m:
     (1.7 x 1000) ÷ 4 = 425 meters.
   • Vehicle width is 6 mildots, vehicle size is 5.5m:
     (5.5 x 1000) ÷ 6 = 917 meters.

• Kill Shot Placement:
  • Kill Shots
• Vehicle Penetration:
  • Light vehicles (e.g., jeeps): Bullets can penetrate glass and thin armor.
  • Heavy vehicles (e.g., APCs): Bullets cannot penetrate; target exposed personnel or weak spots.

1. Elevation Adjustments:
   • Shooting uphill: Bullets hit higher than expected (adjust aim lower).
   • Shooting downhill: Bullets hit lower than expected (adjust aim higher).
2. Anticipating Moving Targets:
   • Account for target speed, distance, and bullet travel time.
   • Adjust lead time:
     • Slow walking: Small lead adjustment.
     • Medium pace: Moderate lead adjustment.
     • Fast pace: Significant lead adjustment.

• Why PID is Critical:
  • Avoid collateral damage by ensuring targets are hostile before engaging.
  • Distinguish between civilians, unarmed personnel, and armed combatants.
• Best Practices:
  • Use optics to scan for visible weapons or hostile behavior.
  • Do not engage unless you are certain of the target’s intent.

• Effective Camouflage Techniques:
  • Terrain & Visual Camouflage
• Choose Terrain Wisely:
  • Positions near tree lines, ridgelines, or reverse slopes provide cover and concealment.

• Always report enemy locations using the 3 Ds:
  1. Direction: Provide a clock reference (e.g., "Enemy at 3 o’clock").
  2. Distance: Estimate or calculate using rangefinders or optics (e.g., "500 meters").
  3. Description: Include target details (e.g., "Four-man squad, heavily armed").

• Use the radio to:
  • Report enemy positions and movements.
  • Relay SALT reports:
    • Size, Activity, Location, Time.

1. Target Engagement (300+ Meters):
   • Achieve 10/10 kill shots on targets at various elevations (flat, uphill, downhill).
   • Practice shooting with mounted and unmounted rifles.
2. Moving Target Drill:
   • Engage targets moving at different speeds:
     • Slow walk, medium pace, and fast pace.
   • Adjust lead time to anticipate target movement.
3. PID Drill (Positive Identification):
   • Scenarios include civilians, unarmed personnel, and enemy combatants.
   • Only engage confirmed threats.
   • Ensure single, precise shots to avoid giving away your position.